When the sentence of the Qur'an, verse, and surah was revealed, only then the Prophet (s) used to recite it repeatedly and recite it to the present mates. The disciples used to recite it repeatedly and memorized. And the katibas were written by the clerks. More than 40 companions in different stages have performed the responsibility of writing the Qur'an.
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| The Qur'an manuscript rescued from the Grand Mosque of Sanaa, the capital of Yemen |
From the beginning of the Najil, the disciples started reciting and preparing the Qur'an through memorizing and writing the Prophet's (saw) direct supervision in Mecca. To write the Qur'an, thick paper, leather, rocks, animal bones and date palm are used. Ali bin Abi Talib, Ubay ibn Ka'b, Abdullah bin Masud, Zaid ibn Thabit (RA) it earned in the recording. Zayed Bin Sawit was given the responsibility of writing the Quran sitting before him. When a verse was revealed, he called and recited it. The verse used to give instructions about where to place before or after which Surah. As Zayed recorded it, he recited the Prophet (peace be upon him) again to verify the correctness. In this way, the correct process of forming, memorizing and memorizing the entire Qur'an in the form of Surah is fulfilled in the lifetime of the Prophet (peace be upon him).
After the Prophet (peace be upon him) migrated to Madina, the Quran's study gained new momentum. A large group of devotees devoted to the mosque adjacent to the mosque has dedicated themselves to being wise in the knowledge of the Qur'an. The number of Hafizs who had memorized the entire Qur'an in the lifetime of Prophet (s) were several thousand. And Zaid ibn Thabit, Ali bin Abi Talib, Uthman bin Affan, Abdullah bin Masud, Ubay Ibn Ka'b, Saeed bin al-Aas, Abdullah bin Jubair, Anas bin Malik, Abdur Rahman bin Harith, Muaz bin Zabol, Khalid ibn al-Walid, Abdur Rahman bin All the Surahs of the Qur'an were written in writing by 65 Sahihis, including Shihab, Abu Ayub Ansari (ra) and others. That is, the whole Qur'an was arranged in the form of Surah in the lifetime of the Prophet (peace be upon him); Not only was it written in the form of 'Masfaf'.
Only after the Prophet (peace be upon him), there was a false prophet's outbreak in different areas of Arabia. Many Hafez became martyred while suppressing their rebellion. Then, on the advice and request of Umar, the first caliph, Abu Bakr (R) took the initiative to compile the Holy Qur'an together with the book. The head of the nearest Qatib, Zayed bin Sabit, was given the responsibility of a team of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R).
The Caliph Forman issued that the person who has the written part of the Qur'an must present it to the jayad. Zayed was also Hafez and Kativ together. He simply did not rely on his memories and writings. At the same time, two of the witnesses have summoned the two Hafizs who have memorized them in the same way and he has memorized that verse in front of the Holy Prophet (saw). In the case of the compilation of the words of the Prophet (peace be upon him) who accurately presented the Word of Allah, the Companions were similarly sincere and honest. They have taken all the warnings so that the compilation is accurate.
Prophet (PBUH) lifetime record it, and Zaid ibn Thabit, the compiled this masahaphera The difference between the Prophet (S) in the paper, leather, stones, branches of palm trees, which are found therein have been recorded and masahaphe the same size paper record after another A paper is arranged and binded upside down with a tight scalp. It has been named as 'Masafaf' because of binding it with a strong cover. After the rebuke was made, the Companions unanimously certified it as correct and presented it to Abu Bakr (ra) for preservation. He preserves it in the state archive.
The work of compiling the entire Qur'ān together in the books of the Holy Prophet (saw) was completed in one year. After this Abu Bakr (ra), Umar (R) preserves this comment. During his time the caliphate extended from Persia to Libya and from the Arabian Sea to Azerbaijan. He took effective measures to read the holy Qur'an in this vast region in common pronunciation and speech. For supervising the activities of Abdullah bin Masud, Abu Musa asayari, Muaz bin jabalasaha sent to 10 prominent disciples in different regions of the caliphate. After the death of Omar (R), this comment was preserved in the custody of his daughter and Ummul Momineen Hazrat Hafsah.
Khilafat was expanded during the third caliph of Uthman (ra). He decided to copy the Qur'an in order to continue the uniform reading of all the regions. He sent a letter sent to Hazrat Hafsah. Reading the Quraysh and the chief secretary to copy masahaphera according likhanariti Zayed bin Thabit, 'Abdullah bin Jubair, Sa'id ibn al-As, Abdur Rahman bin Harith, Ubay ibn Ka'b 1 John companions, including a team was formed. They very carefully copied this excerpt. Hadrat Uthman sent a copy to himself and to the rulers of various provinces after confirming the remaining copies in the archipelago of Medina. And return the original copy to Hazrat Hafsah (RA).
In the history of Hadrat 'Uthman, the copy was made in this history and it was known as' Masaffe Uthmani'. A verified copy of Usmani has been preserved in the Tashkent Museum in Uzbekistan, Central Asia. The exact copy of the message sent to Damascus has been preserved in Turkey's Tokkapi Museum in Turkey and at Columbia University Library in the United States. The copy of this excerpt has been preserved in the deer skin, in Darrul Qutub Sultanate of Egypt.
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After being sent to different places in Osmani, the practice of copying the Qur'an at the institutional and personal level began. During the centuries, thousands of copies of the Qur'an were broadcast everywhere. There is a huge collection of copies of the Qur'an manuscripts of all ages in the history of Islam, the Library of Congress of Washington, the Chester Beta Museum in Ireland and the London Museum of England. With these manuscripts, the Taskhanda Museum, the Tokpapi Museum of Istanbul, and Cairo's Al-Hussein Mosque, in Cairo, have found that there is no discrepancy between the original writings.
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| A copy of Mashaf Usmani, written by Imam Librarian in Tashkhand, Uzbekistan. |
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| A copy of Mashaf Usmani, written by Imam Librarian in Tashkhand, Uzbekistan. |
The Institute of Koranforschung, University of Munich, Germany, collects 42,000 copies full or part of the Qur'an. After 50 years of research, the Institute concluded that there is no difference in the manuscript readings. Unfortunately, the Institute was destroyed in the bombing of World War II.
The same Qur'an is being read in the house of the whole world for 14 centuries, as it was read as a result of the sincere and objective efforts of Allah's grace and Companions. The Qur'an is the only scripture that holds its original language and is being read and studied in the original language. That same Qur'an 114 Surahs. 6,236 verses.
In the context of the evolution of time, the Qur'anic evolution has evolved. There was no use of Nakata, Jare, Jabar, Pati, etc. in the writings of Usmani. In general Arabic writing, no symbol is used on the upper and lower case. Arabs pronounce the word of the word seeing the form of the word. And by looking at the sentence structure, the Arabs make a difference from the slowness. Khilafat is expanded to other speaking areas during the time of Omar (ra). During the time of'Uthman and Hazrat Ali, the caliphate became more expansive in different regions. These fears may arise in future if they read Qur'an without letters and texts. Hazrat Ali (ra) distinguished linguist Abul Assad gave the responsibility to address the Dole. He used to use Tashkil, which is a lesson in Urdu, Urdu, Urdu, Urdu and Urdu. Alphabetical Nakata is the first to use the personal information of Hazrat Hasan al-Basri and Allama Ibn Shirin. Abul Assad Dole and his students Nasr ibn Asim and Yahya bin Amr in the writings of the Qur'an, in the writings of the 50 Hijrah, 'Charanjitikan' Nakata used to be officially emphatically. In 60 AH, according to the order of Khalifa Abdul Malek, the work of implementing Nakata and Tashkil was compulsory.
In the original copy of the Qur'an, the name of the Surah was not written before the Surah in Uthmani. From one Surah to another, the Surah was not separated from the line and the Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim was separated from the line. Verses are also not separated by any mark or number. The series has been consistently written one after the other. Around the end of the first century, the name of the Surah on the surah and the introduction of a symbol or number between the two verses was written separately in the above line and 'Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim'.
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| Mashef Usmani's Replica in the Grand Mosque of Kuwait |
In the first half of the second century, in the first half of the second century, the Qur'an was divided into 'seven minds' for the benefit of completing or annihilation of lessons in seven days. In order to facilitate the recital of recitation, Hijri divided the Qur'an into 558 divisions in the second half of the second century, and each part was named Ruku. To facilitate the annihilation of the Qur'an in 30 days, the Qur'an is divided into 30 stanzas in the first half of the third century. For thousands of years this written form of the Qur'an is going on in the whole world.
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It is an inherent interest in memorizing the Qur'anic verses in keeping an unbiased and pure character. The life of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) is a reflection of the teachings of the Qur'an. And the Qur'an has been revealed for 23 years. He did not just teach Quran. The whole Qur'an was on his face. There was no lack of interest for the Companions to memorize the Qur'an following him. Abu Bakr, Omar, Usman, Ali, Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Abu Huraira, Abdullah ibn Abbas, Abdullah bin Amr, Aishah, Hazrat Hafsah, and Umm Salma were all Hafj. The whole Qur'an was in their minds. During the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (s), the number of Hafaz in Madinah exceeded a few thousand.
Sahabi, Tabei, Tabe Tabei's life has circulated around the Qur'an. They have memorized the Qur'an, have made themselves wise in the knowledge of the Qur'an and have taught others the knowledge of the Qur'an as a duty. And reciting from the memorized part of the Qur'an five times a day is obligatory for the prayer. On the other hand, long sura recitation of long periods of time has become the recitation of many people in daily practice. There was no educated family in that era, at least not one Hafez.
The memorization of the Qur'an in the evolution of time becomes a part of the teaching. Thousands of haphazhana were established. Even after 14 years of the Qur'an, the number of memorizing of Qur'an has not diminished, but rather increased. There is no neighborhood or mahallas of Muslims, where the Arabs, non-Arabs, black-white, rich-poor, men and women can not memorize the Qur'an. This Hafsz started the teaching of Rasulullah (S). The disciples learned through him. And in their authenticated process, thousands of haifazhs are still doing every year.
There are many scriptures in the world - the Torah, Zindabesta, Upanishad, Vedas, Bible, Gita, Dhompapada. There are many secular texts, philosophies, poetry, novels. You can ask, how many people can read these books and writings? Searches can rarely be found by two-one. But if the Qur'an wants to know the number of memorbers, then this number will be the millions And in the memory of these millions of Hafiz memorials, the Qur'an is printed in the Qur'an and the Quranic copy of the Qur'an quoted from Usmani. In the case of conservation and purity, the Qur'an is unique in this case.
This reality and historical information proves the truth of God's promise to the Qur'an: 'Indeed, I have revealed this Qur'ān (step by step) and I will take care of it (from all kinds of deviations). (Surah Hijr: 9)
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